Have you ever considered what physical activity is like for the visually impaired?
I recently had a conversation with a woman classified as legally blind due to a progressive visual impairment. When my profession came up, we started to talk about the challenges she faces concerning her ability to get regular physical activity. She, for obvious reasons, does not drive. Her husband works and she lives in a very rural area, so she is home alone during the day. What exercise options are available?
She tells me that she used to go for regular walks along a familiar route. But as her condition has progressed she has become more fearful- of injury, the unexpected, maybe even getting lost. At this point, her only option as she sees it (no pun intended) is to do laps around her house, staying within her familiar environment.
As you can imagine, it may quickly become more difficult to find the motivation for that. With that level of activity, it can be hard to achieve the level of activity recommended for adults to maintain physical and heart health. After hearing about her situation, I do not doubt that this has to be a common problem throughout the visually impaired community. Especially if you are living in a rural area with limited resources.
Physical Fitness Among the Visually Impaired
According to Inoue, et al. In 2018, “Blindness and visual impairment are among the 10 most common causes of disability in the United States and are associated with both diminished quality of life and a shorter life expectancy,” and, “Visually impaired patients have low levels of physical activity and are at high risk for locomotor dysfunction.” This population is more likely to have at least one chronic health condition as compared to their sighted, physically active peers.
Individuals with visual impairment have increased energy requirements just to complete their activities of daily living. This indicates they may have a greater need for physical fitness. But the barriers to physical activity in the visually impaired are extensive and can include: lack of transportation, fear of getting hurt, financial hardship, lack of energy or motivation, limited resources, and difficulty learning new activities.
Options for Physical Activity Among the Visually Impaired
As with any new exercise or fitness routine, an individual should consult with a doctor before getting started. Ensuring that your body is prepared for a chosen activity is crucial. And in regard to the visually impaired, there are some eye or medical conditions that can be adversely affected by activities like lifting, bending, straining, or rapid movement.
Adapted Sports
I have found there are many adapted sports out there for the visually impaired. We’re talking about hiking, sailing, skiing, golfing, cycling, swimming, running, and more!
Mobile App
Eyes-Free Fitness by BlindAlive is an app with described exercise routines for the blind (free and paid). This program has something for everyone with all kinds of activities, for all levels of fitness.
Adapted Environments
There are simple things that can be done or utilized within a fitness environment to allow access for people with visual impairments.
- Label buttons or dials on equipment with textured markings or Braille
- Guidewires or tethers
- Sighted guide or caller
Gyms may also be willing to orient individuals to the environment. Once learned, a gym can become a safe and appealing option. Treadmills and stationary bikes are great options, as well as simple hand weights.
Also, adding music to any exercise routine, for many, helps to improve motivation.
Activities Within the Home
For the visually impaired population, physical activity within the home is often the safest and most practical option. It is their most familiar environment and allows them to be active without having to plan for transportation.
A YouTube search of ‘exercise for visually impaired’ brings up many workout video options, including yoga, HIIT (high-intensity interval training), cardio, and seated exercise.
Even simpler than that, walking up and down the stairs or doing some sit-to-stands from the couch or chair can get the blood flowing. A yoga mat on the floor as a boundary allows for in-place activity, such as marching, jumping jacks, toe touches, jogging in place, balance on one foot- there are plenty of possibilities here.
The Bottom Line
Yes, physical activity is more difficult in the presence of visual impairment. But, just like the rest of the population, finding something enjoyable, motivating, and maybe most important for these folks, safe is the key to maintaining a fitness routine. There are options out there for whatever individual needs they may have.
If you have a patient with a visual impairment, particularly if they have a secondary chronic health condition, encourage them to explore these options. The rewards and benefits of regular exercise are universal.
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